Laser Defense Systems

Laser defense systems are advanced directed-energy weapons that use focused beams of light to neutralize threats such as drones, missiles, rockets, and small boats. Here’s an overview based on current developments as of July 15, 2025:

Technology

These systems generate photons through a gain medium, amplifying them into a high-energy beam directed at targets. Common types include solid-state lasers (e.g., fiber or crystal-based) and, historically, chemical lasers, though the latter are less favored due to safety concerns.

Key Systems

• U.S. Developments: The U.S. Army’s DE M-SHORAD (50kW laser on Strykers) and the Navy’s HELIOS (60kW on destroyers like USS Preble) target drones and missiles. The Palletized High Energy Laser (P-HEL, 20kW) has been deployed overseas to counter drones.

• Israel’s Iron Beam: A 100-150kW system, recently used in combat against Hezbollah drones, offers a low-cost ($3 per shot) alternative to missile defenses like Iron Dome.

• UK’s DragonFire: Tested successfully, this laser provides precision strikes at a cost of around $13 per shot, aiming to reduce reliance on expensive munitions.

• Others: Russia’s 35kW systems, India’s 30kW Mk-II DEW, and Germany’s Rheinmetall HEL are in various testing phases, focusing on drones and missiles.

Advantages

Lasers offer unlimited "shots" (limited only by power supply), low cost per engagement (cents to dollars), and precision with minimal collateral damage. They operate at the speed of light, enabling rapid response.

Challenges

Atmospheric conditions (dust, fog, turbulence) can weaken beams, power requirements are high, and range is often limited to a few kilometers. Real-world testing, like the U.S. Army’s Stryker lasers, has revealed issues with dust interference and target lock at range.

Applications

Primarily used for short-range air defense against drones and rockets, with potential future roles against ballistic missiles as power scales (e.g., Lockheed Martin’s 300kW Valkyrie prototype).